Toxicity Studies ClO2

Facts versus fiction

The narrative perpetuated by certain media outlets suggests that chlorine dioxide is toxic and that there is a lack of scientific studies or clinical trials regarding its safety and efficacy. This message aims to clarify that such assertions are misleading.

It is essential to demonstrate that chlorine dioxide, when used at the recommended dosages, is not toxic. Furthermore, there exists substantial scientific evidence supporting its viricidal, antibacterial, and antiparasitic properties, among others.

To substantiate these claims, we present a comprehensive compilation of nearly 60 studies conducted on both animals and humans over several years.

We encourage this information to reach a wide audience, particularly within the healthcare community, to join the ranks of countless professionals who have critically evaluated the available evidence and are beginning to recognize the potential benefits of chlorine dioxide. This is a call to action for the betterment of public health and the preservation of lives.

Scientific evidence is not decided by the press, as the integrity of scientific inquiry relies on rigorous methodologies, peer review, and reproducibility of results. The media often plays a vital role in disseminating information to the public; however, it is crucial to recognize that journalistic interpretations can often oversimplify complex findings or introduce bias to comply with a paid agenda . This highlights the importance of maintaining a clear distinction between scientific discourse and media reporting. Researchers and academicians must remain vigilant in communicating their findings accurately, ensuring that the nuances of scientific evidence are preserved and understood beyond sensational headlines.

Published studies and related

STUDIES ON THE SAFETY AND TOXICITY OF CHLORINE DIOXIDE

1.- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5369164/

(2017) Efficacy and safety evaluation of a chlorine dioxide solution.

2.- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2764564/

(1989) Effect of disinfection of drinking water contaminated with Cryptosporidium parvum using chlorine dioxide.

3.- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1569027/

(1982) Demonstration of the safety of oral ingestion of chlorine dioxide and its metabolites, chlorite and chlorate.

4.- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6520727/

(1984) Effects of acute administration of increasing doses of chlorine dioxide, chlorate and chlorite in humans.

5.- pmid:31015141

(2019) Evaluation of adenoviruses in a drinking water treatment plant by UV and chlorine dioxide disinfection.

6.- https://atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp160.pdf

(2004) Toxicological profile of chlorine dioxide and chlorite. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry.

7.- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344876982_TOXICIDAD_DEL_DIOXIDO_DE_CLORO_Y_DEL_CLORITO

(2020) Toxicity of chlorine dioxide and chlorite.

8.- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36504072/

(2022) Safety of chlorine dioxide nasal irrigation and its efficacy as an alternative therapy for respiratory infectious diseases.

TRIALS AND STUDIES DEMONSTRATING THE EFFICACY OF CHLORINE DIOXIDE.

9.- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20616431/

(2010) On the antiviral activity of chlorine dioxide (CD) and sodium hypochlorite (SH) against feline calicivirus, human influenza virus, measles virus, canine distemper virus, human herpesvirus, human adenovirus, canine adenovirus and canine parvovirus. The antiviral activity of CD was approximately 10 times higher than that of SH.

10.- https://aem.asm.org/content/71/6/3100

(2005) Studies and efficacy of chlorine dioxide in the inactivation of enteric adenovirus and feline calicivirus by chlorine dioxide.

11.- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3818415/

(2013) Mechanism of action: Chlorine dioxide is a size-selective antimicrobial agent.

12.- pmid:28642746

(2017) Viricidal activity of chlorine dioxide-based disinfectants against human norovirus and its surrogate, feline calicivirus, on hard-to-reach surfaces.

13.- pmid:29558681

(2018) Study and Evaluation of gaseous chlorine dioxide for inactivation of Tulane virus in blueberries.

14.- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29706335/

(2018) Effectiveness of different combined antimicrobial washes against Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes inoculated on blueberries.

15.- https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.13.336768v3

(2020) Study and Evaluation of the antiviral effect of chlorine dioxide in a vertebrate inoculated with avian coronavirus.

16.-https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1567134818305549#:~:text=Research%20paper-,Chlorine%20dioxide%20inhibits%20the%20replication%20of%20porcine%20reproductive%20and,virus%20by%20blocking%20viral%20attachment

(2019) Chlorine dioxide inhibits porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication by blocking viral binding.

17.- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3902657/

(1985) In vitro investigations on the antibacterial action and influence on phagocytic chemiluminescence of tetrachlorodecaoxide, a new non-metallic oxygen complex.

18.-https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/095632029200300204?icid=int.sj-abstract.similar-articles.3

(1992) The antiviral activity of tetrachlorodecaoxide against herpes simplex virus type 1 and the virucidal effect of the drug.

19.- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32208977/

(2020) Can chlorine dioxide prevent the spread of coronavirus or other viral infections? Medical hypotheses.

20.- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26391926/

(2015) On the Interaction of chlorite-based drug WF10 and chlorite with hemoglobin, methemoglobin and ferril hemoglobin.

21.- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27776433/

(2016) On Inhibition of heme-induced red blood cell hemolysis by chlorite-based drug WF10.

22.- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22799207/

(2012) Modes of action of chlorine dioxide: a review.

23.- https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/am.15.2.257-265.1967

(1967) On the kinetics and mechanism of bacterial disinfection by chlorine dioxide.

24.-https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321315675_Chlorine_dioxide_as_a_possible_adjunct_to_metabolic_treatment

(2017) Study of chlorine dioxide as a possible adjunct to metabolic treatment.

25.- https://drive.google.com/file/d/1EXobhZo1-gQ_JE6C6g8ZGjSobTCs_it9/view

(2021) Chlorine dioxide: an effective alternative for the treatment of sars-cov2 (COVID 19).

26.- https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04343742

(2020) Determination of the effectiveness of oral chlorine dioxide in the treatment of COVID 19.

27.- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2637235/

(2008) A randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled clinical trial demonstrates efficacy of chlorine dioxide on oral malodor.

28.-https://in.dental-tribune.com/news/clinical-use-of-chlorine-dioxide-in-the-prevention-of-coronavirus-spread-through-dental-aerosols/

(2020) Clinical use of chlorine dioxide in preventing the spread of coronavirus through dental sprays.

29.-https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1067251611002560#:~:text=In%20conclusion%2C%20when%20added%20to,the%20formation%20of%20granulation%20tissue.

(2011) Randomized, double-blind, controlled trial demonstrated efficacy of chlorine dioxide in patients with diabetic foot ulcer.

30.- https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02962364

(1998) Randomized, double-blind, controlled trial demonstrated efficacy of chlorine dioxide in AIDS patients.

31.- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15542165/#:~:text=Conclusions%3A%20WF10%20therapy%20is%20a,a%20one%20year%20follow%20up.

(2004) Randomized, double-blind, controlled trial with chlorine dioxide demonstrated efficacy in reducing recurrence of late hemorrhagic radiation cystitis.

32.- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17926989/

(2007) Randomized, double-blind, controlled trial with chlorine dioxide demonstrated efficacy in the incidence and severity of acute radiation mucositis in the treatment of patients with head and neck cancer.

33.- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5524125/#:~:text=NP001%20is%20a%20novel%20regulator,administration%20on%20monocyte%20activation%20markers.

(2017) NP001 Regulation trial shows efficacy on markers of macrophage activation in ALS: a phase I clinical and biomarker study.

34.- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25884010/

(2015) Phase 2 randomized trial of NP001, shows efficacy as a novel immune regulator: safety and early efficacy in ALS.

35.- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3804815/

(1987) Enhancement of tumor spheroid oxygenation by tetrachlorodecaoxide.

36.- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15474529/

(2004) Differential effects on innate versus adaptive immune responses by the chlorite-based drug WF10.

37.- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21629753/

(2011) Chlorite-based drug WF10 stimulates Natural Killers cell cytotoxicity by enhancing LFA-1-mediated adhesion to tumor cells.

38.- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15218896/

(2004) Clinical and microbiological efficacy of chlorine dioxide in the treatment of chronic atrophic candidiasis: an open-label study.

39.- https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/3279/193546488

(2022) Eradication of Borrelia Burgdoferi in vitro by chlorine dioxide: a novel approach.

40.-https://www.literaturepublishers.org/assets/images/articles/pNf0Sb_ziYD97_60HZa5_3mc6LU_399176.pdf

(2023) Infection prevention and tissue repair in skin lesions by chlorine dioxide solution-based treatments: case studies.

41.- https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.83393-0

(2008) Protective effect of low concentration chlorine dioxide gas against influenza A virus infection.

42.- https://www.eurekaselect.com/article/106659

(2020) Effects of chlorine dioxide on oral hygiene: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

43.-https://medcraveonline.com/JBMOA/mrsa-eradication-using-chlorine-dioxide.html

(2021) Eradication of MRSA by chlorine dioxide.

44.-https://medcraveonline.com/IJVV/chlorine-dioxide-clo2-as-a-non-toxic-antimicrobial-agent-for-virus-bacteria-and-yeast-candida-albicans.html

(2016) Chlorine dioxide as a non-toxic antimicrobial agent for viruses, bacteria and yeasts (Candida Albicans).

45.- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18274345/

(2007) Investigation on the viricidal activity of chlorine dioxide, experimental data on feline calicivirus, HAV and Coxsackie B5.

46.-https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/infection-control-and-hospital-epidemiology/article/abs/inactivation-of-human-immunodeficiency-virus-by-a-medical-waste-disposal-process-using-chlorine-dioxide/947BA02B945DF24FDFEBB11E99690164

(2016) Inactivation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by a medical waste disposal process using chlorine dioxide.

47.-https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.044263-0

(2012) Inactivation of influenza virus hemagglutinin by chlorine dioxide.

48.- https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bio/15/2/15_2_45/_article

(2010) Evaluation of the antiviral activity of chlorine dioxide and sodium hypochlorite against feline calicivirus, human influenza virus, measles virus, canine distemper virus, human herpesvirus, human adenovirus, canine adenovirus, and canine parvovirus.

49.-https://academic.oup.com/jee/article-abstract/65/1/19/2210444?redurectedFrom=fulltext

(1972) Study shows that chlorine dioxide increases longevity of bees.

50.-https://www.hilarispublisher.com/abstract/chlorine-dioxide-in-covid19-hypothesis-about-the-possible-mechanism-of-molecular-action-in-sarscov2-52824.html

(2021) Chlorine dioxide in COVID-19: hypothesis on possible molecular mechanism of action in SARS-CoV-2.

51.- https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00784-020-03618-5

(2021) Comparative study of hyperpure chlorine dioxide with two other irrigants with respect to periodontal ligament stem cell viability.

52.- https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/aem.56.5.1363-1366.1990

(1990) Inactivation of human and simian rotaviruses by chlorine dioxide.

53.- https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/bi061827u

(2007) Study on protein denaturation by chlorine dioxide: oxidative modification of tryptophan and tyrosine † residues.

54.- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6295277/

(1982) Mechanisms of inactivation of poliovirus by chlorine dioxide and iodine.

55.- https://revista.saludcyt.ar/ojs/index.php/sct/article/view/699

(2024) Case report: compassionate application of a chlorine dioxide-based solution in a patient with metastatic prostate cancer.

56.- https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/4218/99193547165

(2023) Eradication of antibiotic-resistant E. coli, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, S. pneumoniae, A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa with chlorine dioxide in vitro.

57.-https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/chlorine-dioxide-as-an-alternative-treatment-for-covid19.pdf

(2021) Chlorine dioxide as an alternative in the treatment of Covid 19.

58.- http://ijmra.in/v4i8/2.php

(2021) Observational study on the efficacy of chlorine dioxide in relatives of patients with Covid 19.

59.- http://ijmra.in/v4i8/14.php

(2021) Long-term effects of Covid 19 in patients treated with chlorine dioxide.

PATENTS

60.- https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2016074203A1/en

(2016) Cell apoptosis inducer containing chlorine dioxide and use thereof in the preparation of cosmetics or anti-aging or antineoplastic drugs.

61 -https://patents.google.com/patent/US20190015445A1/

(2019) Chlorine dioxide-containing injection in therapeutic applications such as in vivo stem cell regeneration, anti-tumor and anti-aging.

62 - https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2018185346A1/en

(2018) The invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition containing chlorine dioxide for the systemic, particularly parenteral, treatment of infectious diseases.

63.- https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2018185347A1/en

(2018) Invention with Chlorine dioxide for for rectal intestinal lavage, ureteral and bladder lavage or as an isotonic solution for use in the systemic treatment of acute or chronic diseases. Internal inflammations and clinically relevant symptoms or states of the human or animal organism caused thereby.

SOURCES

National Library of Medicine. National Center for Biotechnology Information.

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry.

Scientific Social Network Researchgate.

Applied and Enviromental Microbiology. American Society for Microbiology.

Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. Biorxiv.

Elsevier Peer-Reviewed Academic Literature Platform. Science Direct.